शस्त्रक्रिया (Surgery): गर्भपिशवी व मुळबंध करणे
In women’s reproductive health, especially after multiple pregnancies or for specific medical conditions, surgeries such as uterine operations (Garbhapishvi) and tubal ligation (Mulband) are sometimes necessary or desired. Below is a detailed breakdown:
1. 🧬 (Uterine Surgeries)
✅ A. गर्भपिशवी काढणे (Hysterectomy)
Definition: Surgical removal of the uterus.
Types:
- Total Hysterectomy – Removal of uterus and cervix.
- Subtotal/Partial Hysterectomy – Only the uterus is removed.
- Radical Hysterectomy – Removal of uterus, cervix, part of vagina, and surrounding tissue (for cancer cases).
Indications:
- Uterine fibroids (गाठ)
- Heavy or irregular bleeding (अत्यधिक रक्तस्राव)
- Uterine prolapse (गर्भपिशवी खाली येणे)
- Endometriosis
- Uterine or cervical cancer
Surgical Methods:
- Abdominal Hysterectomy (open surgery)
- Vaginal Hysterectomy
- Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (minimally invasive)
Post-Op Recovery:
- Hospital stay: 2–5 days (depending on method)
- Recovery time: 4–6 weeks
- No menstruation after the surgery
- Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids only, uterus preserved (suitable for younger women)
- Endometrial ablation: Destruction of uterine lining to stop heavy bleeding
- D&C (Dilatation & Curettage): Cleaning of the uterus lining
2. 🛑Tubal Ligation / Sterilization
Definition: A permanent method of female sterilization where the fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or sealed to prevent pregnancy.
When is it done?
- After completion of family (2 or more children)
- On request for permanent contraception
- Occasionally done along with C-section or immediately after delivery (postpartum sterilization)
Surgical Methods:
- Minilaparotomy: Small abdominal incision after delivery
- Laparoscopic Sterilization: Minimally invasive, outpatient method
Procedure:
- Fallopian tubes are cut and tied or clipped
- Takes 20–30 minutes
- Done under local or general anesthesia
Benefits:
- Permanent birth control
- No effect on hormonal balance or sexual life
Risks & Considerations:
- Small risk of failure (1 in 200 cases)
- Irreversible – not ideal for women unsure about future childbearing
- Possibility of regret if done at a young age
👩⚕️ Important Considerations
- Pre-surgery counseling is essential to explain benefits, risks, and permanent nature of sterilization
- Consent from the woman (and sometimes partner) is mandatory
- Emotional support should be provided, especially in younger women or those undergoing hysterectomy
Pre- and Post-Surgical Care):
- Complete medical evaluation
- Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for few weeks
- Monitor for signs of infection, bleeding, or complications
- Follow-up visits are crucial